Letters

121 lettersAD 508-538by Severus of Antioch

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#123
Severus of Antioch → Misael the chamberlainc. 515 AD

Severus praises Misael's help to the church but tells him that his public role is now a form of ascetic obedience.

#1
Severus of Antioch → Constantine, bishop and correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 510 AD

Severus tells Constantine not to let a reconciliation formula be diluted into vague or polluted language.

#2
Severus of Antioch → Solon, bishop of Seleucia in Isauriac. 510 AD

Severus tells Solon that unusual ordination procedure should not undo a ministry rooted in orthodox faith and the church's good.

#3
Severus of Antioch → Solon, bishop of Seleucia in Isauriac. 515 AD

Severus tells Solon that the Callistus case was handled by evidence and process, not by theft from Solon's jurisdiction.

#4
Severus of Antioch → Solon, bishop of Seleucia in Isauriac. 516 AD

Severus urges Solon to act against Musonius and Paul, saying mercy has a time and cutting off has a time.

#5
Severus of Antioch → Peter, bishop of Apameac. 516 AD

Severus tells Peter that no canon confines laypeople to one city for ordination.

#6
Severus of Antioch → Nicias, bishop and correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 515 AD

Severus orders Nicias to strip unauthorized clergy of rank after they sought ordination from Nestorian bishops outside their jurisdiction.

#7
Severus of Antioch → Castor, bishop of Pergac. 515 AD

Severus tells Castor to preserve church order by ranking subdeacons ahead of readers and singers.

#8
Severus of Antioch → Timostratus, duke and correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 515 AD

Severus resists treating priestly ordination as a stipend or trade despite pressure from petitioners.

#9
Severus of Antioch → Stephen, bishop of Tripolisc. 515 AD

Severus answers Stephen that a forced ordination by non-orthodox clergy does not require the usual dismissal letter.

#10
Severus of Antioch → Eucharius, bishop and correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 515 AD

Severus accepts the Paltus proceedings but insists that Firminus receive a proper hearing before canonical sentence.

#11
Severus of Antioch → Archimandrite of the monastery of Bassus addressed by Severusc. 516 AD

Severus admits the pain of Cosmas' failed episcopate while warning against staying away from the mysteries under plausible pretexts.

#12
Severus of Antioch → Cosmas, Polyeuctus, and Zeno, presbytersc. 515 AD

Severus tells three presbyters that even obvious matters require both sides to be heard before judgment.

#13
Severus of Antioch → Entrechius, bishop of Anazarbusc. 515 AD

Severus orders a careful canonical investigation into charges involving gifts at ordinations and Adelphian associations.

#14
Severus of Antioch → Antoninus, bishop of Beroeac. 515 AD

Severus warns Antoninus not to support irregular ordinations and requests transcripts before deciding the case.

#15
Severus of Antioch → Antoninus, bishop of Beroeac. 515 AD

Severus tells Antoninus that just anger must still be governed by prudence and the rule that each person bears his own sin.

#16
Severus of Antioch → Antoninus, bishop of Beroeac. 515 AD

Severus says the resurrection greeting should have begun with Antoninus and turns the exchange into a prayer for renewed affection.

#17
Severus of Antioch → Misael the chamberlainc. 516 AD

Severus defends his episcopal conduct by describing inherited church debts and his fear of careless ordination.

#18
Severus of Antioch → Entrechius, bishop of Anazarbusc. 515 AD

Severus requires Rhosus to present a three-name psephisma and accept Entrechius' final judgment.

#19
Severus of Antioch → Solon, bishop of Seleucia in Isauriac. 515 AD

Severus tells Solon to halt disputed ministries until forged documents and irregular actions are investigated.

#20
Severus of Antioch → Suffragan bishops under Apamea addressed by Severus of Antiochc. 516 AD

Severus gives the Apamene bishops time to answer and repent before canonical penalties fall.

#21
Severus of Antioch → Master of the Offices addressed by Severus of Antiochc. 516 AD

Severus asks the Master of the Offices to report the truth to the emperor and protect the Antiochene bishops from slander.

#22
Severus of Antioch → Fathers addressed by Severus of Antiochc. 516 AD

Severus rebukes the fathers for not sending Stephen and denounces Musonius for disturbing Isauria and seeking gifts.

#23
Severus of Antioch → Solon, bishop of Seleucia in Isauriac. 516 AD

Severus instructs Solon to replace shepherds who deserted Meloe and Olba, while avoiding reckless or schismatic action.

#24
Severus of Antioch → Theotecnus, archiatros and correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 516 AD

Severus tells Theotecnus how bishops in the royal city handled Chalcedon, Second Syria, and the scandal at Tarsus.

#25
Severus of Antioch → Dionysius, bishop of Tarsusc. 515 AD

Severus combines pastoral sympathy with a firm ban on allowing an afflicted presbyter to perform the bloodless sacrifice.

#26
Severus of Antioch → Solon, bishop of Seleucia in Isauriac. 516 AD

Severus rules that Paul's long absence should not keep disputed clergy from ministry while the monastery question waits.

#27
Severus of Antioch → Musonius and Alexander, vindices of Anazarbusc. 514 AD

Severus sends one affectionate letter to two Anazarbus officials and explains why a repentant monk must stay away from Antioch.

#28
Severus of Antioch → Philoxenus, bishop of Dolichec. 515 AD

Severus refuses to let Romulus lead prayers at Antioch until Philoxenus formally releases him from inhibition.

#29
Severus of Antioch → Monks of the monastery of Isaac addressed by Severus of Antiochc. 515 AD

Severus presses the monks of Isaac to accept Stephen's episcopal election and threatens excommunication if they resist.

#30
Severus of Antioch → Clergy of Apamea addressed by Severus of Antiochc. 515 AD

Severus tells Apamea's clergy to choose a bishop by Scripture, virtue, and canonical order rather than rhetoric, pressure, or faction.

#32
Severus of Antioch → John, bishop of Alexandria Minorc. 515 AD

Severus rules that John's subdeacons should not lose an old exemption from weekly household service without compensation.

#33
Severus of Antioch → Dionysius, bishop of Tarsusc. 515 AD

Severus tells Dionysius that a priestly ordination compelled by fear has no lawful force.

#34
Severus of Antioch → Suffragan bishops under Apamea addressed by Severus of Antiochc. 516 AD

Severus tells the Apamene bishops to gather canonically and sends a reader with the formal summons.

#35
Severus of Antioch → Eustace, presbyter and correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 515 AD

Severus wants to ordain John but says the canons require manumission before an enslaved man can enter the clergy.

#36
Severus of Antioch → Eusebius, deacon of Apamea and correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 515 AD

Severus tells Eusebius to persuade Libanius to give up clerical usury before canonical penalties become necessary.

#37
Severus of Antioch → Simeon, bishop of Chalcisc. 515 AD

Severus tells Simeon that the monk carrying the letter has not committed the charged offenses and should be released from inhibition.

#38
Severus of Antioch → Simeon, bishop of Chalcisc. 516 AD

Severus urges Simeon to combine confidence, discipline, and avoidance of hostile pretexts.

#39
Severus of Antioch → Clergy and notables of Apamea addressed by Severus of Antiochc. 515 AD

Severus asks Apamea to move from factional division to a united episcopal election.

#40
Severus of Antioch → Hypatius, Master of the Soldiersc. 516 AD

Severus warns Hypatius that Julian is trying to move a settled church-property case into civil court.

#41
Severus of Antioch → Solon, bishop of Seleucia in Isauriac. 515 AD

Severus distinguishes forgiveness and communion from restoration to priestly service.

#42
Severus of Antioch → Fathers addressed by Severus of Antiochc. 515 AD

Severus allows Philip communion in the oblation but suspends his diaconal ministry until repentance bears fruit.

#43
Severus of Antioch → Archimandrite of the monastery of Simeon addressed by Severusc. 516 AD

Severus says Nonnus has ignored summonses and must answer openly for his conduct.

#44
Severus of Antioch → Eutychian, governor of Apameac. 516 AD

Severus tells Eutychian that civil rank cannot excuse communion with a deposed bishop.

#45
Severus of Antioch → Conon the brigand-chaser and correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 516 AD

Severus tells Conon that a woman claiming to be a deaconess has been deprived and that Conon has official authority to support the church.

#46
Severus of Antioch → Clergy of Antaradus addressed by Severus of Antiochc. 516 AD

Severus urges the clergy of Antaradus to nominate three suitable episcopal candidates without factional pressure.

#47
Severus of Antioch → Cassian, bishop of Bostrac. 515 AD

Severus reports the Bostra ordination dispute to his representatives and recommends moderate canonical correction for Agapius.

#48
Severus of Antioch → Philoxenus, bishop of Hierapolisc. 515 AD

Severus asks Philoxenus to help decide whether mercy can be given to men who bought ordination while claiming ignorance.

#50
Severus of Antioch → John and John the presbytersc. 520 AD

Severus tells John and John to preserve peace by limiting Epimachus without turning discipline into an incurable wound.

#51
Severus of Antioch → Philip the presbyter, correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 526 AD

Severus tells Philip to trust the testimony that admitted him to ordination and not overrule it by anxiety.

#52
Severus of Antioch → John and John the presbytersc. 522 AD

Severus tells John and John to be friendly toward orthodox outside clergy but not admit them to ministry without proper communion.

#53
Severus of Antioch → Cassian, Constantine, Antoninus, and other Syrian bishops at Alexandriac. 520 AD

Severus tells exiled Syrian bishops in Alexandria that canon law permits merciful restoration when the original judges themselves choose leniency.

#54
Severus of Antioch → Unknown recipient of Severus of Antioch I.54c. 519 AD

A fragment-like letter in which Severus asks for names to remember in prayer and recalls Eustochius, deacon of Alexandria.

#55
Severus of Antioch → Theodore, archimandrite of the monastery of Romanusc. 528 AD

Severus tells Theodore not to divide the exiled confessors from the bishops in Egypt.

#56
Severus of Antioch → Froclus, bishop and correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 528 AD

Severus grants Froclus' weakness but calls him back to courage and Pauline teaching.

#57
Severus of Antioch → Didymus, bishop and correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 522 AD

Severus tells Didymus to shepherd through public disaster while avoiding separation disguised as zeal.

#58
Severus of Antioch → Didymus, bishop and correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 522 AD

Severus argues that Sannus should be received and healed rather than abandoned after one fault.

#59
Severus of Antioch → Julian, archimandrite of the monastery of Bassusc. 515 AD

Severus authorizes bishops in shared communion to meet the monastery of Bassus' need for clergy during persecution.

#60
Severus of Antioch → Photius and Andrew, archimandrites in Cariac. 526 AD

Severus praises Photius and Andrew's zeal, then distinguishes lawful reception from anxious re-anointing.

#61
Severus of Antioch → Unknown recipient of Severus of Antioch I.61-I.62c. 519 AD

A damaged letter in which Severus urges restraint, witness-based judgment, and canonical procedure in a dispute involving clergy and monastic women.

#62
Severus of Antioch → Unknown recipient of Severus of Antioch I.61-I.62c. 519 AD

Severus says persecution may make presbyteral and diaconal ordination urgent, but deaconesses in monasteries are mainly a matter of honor.

#63
Severus of Antioch → Misael the deaconc. 537 AD

Severus tells Misael not to treat pious spending or court favor as excuses for violating legal, canonical, or doctrinal conscience.

#64
Severus of Antioch → Patricians addressed by Severus of Antiochc. 510 AD

Severus denies that he or his associates officiated without priestly rank or re-ordained clergy, and asks patricians to take the defense to the emperor.

#65
Severus of Antioch → John and John the presbytersc. 519 AD

Severus urges John and John to pass over human weakness and focus on faithful struggles, using examples from Basil's successors, Liberius, Hosius, and Athanasius.

#66
Severus of Antioch → Orthodox Christians at Emesac. 519 AD

A long canonical warning to Emesa: Gregory and Isaiah must not be received as bishops, and their ordinations must not be treated as valid.

#67
Severus of Antioch → Anastasius the count, son of Sergiusc. 520 AD

Severus tells Anastasius that the communion he sends has one value because the faith is one, regardless of the personal rank of the minister.

#68
Severus of Antioch → Ammian and Epagathusc. 526 AD

Severus praises two benefactors while insisting that gifts support authentic bishops and presbyters.

#69
Severus of Antioch → Misael the deaconc. 526 AD

Severus warns Misael not to rank the mysteries by the virtue or fame of the human minister.

#70
Severus of Antioch → Caesaria the patricianc. 534 AD

Severus urges Caesaria not to bind herself to one celebrant's oblation and to seek healing through confession and faith.

#71
Severus of Antioch → Zacharias of Pelusiumc. 516 AD

Severus answers Zacharias' question about whether an impure gift can become pure.

#72
Severus of Antioch → Ammonius, presbyter of Alexandriac. 515 AD

Severus tells Ammonius that liturgical remembrance must not imply false communion.

#73
Severus of Antioch → Dioscorus, archbishop of Alexandriac. 516 AD

Severus seeks Dioscorus' judgment before receiving bishops who anathematize Chalcedon and Leo's Tome.

#74
Severus of Antioch → Dionysius, bishop of Tarsusc. 515 AD

Severus tells Dionysius to correct careless communion practice because silence would endanger the orthodox faith.

#75
Severus of Antioch → Cosmas, archimandrite of the monastery of Cyrusc. 515 AD

Severus distinguishes Julian's ignorant lapse from voluntary heretical communion.

#76
Severus of Antioch → John, count from Antaradusc. 515 AD

Severus tells John that preserving pure communion is a gift John has given to his own soul.

#77
Severus of Antioch → John Canopitesc. 526 AD

Severus assures John Canopites that he has warned against communion with adversaries and cannot be blamed for secret offenders.

#78
Severus of Antioch → Orthodox clergy and laity of Antioch addressed by Severusc. 526 AD

Severus tells the church in Antioch to hold fast to confession and avoid compromising communion.

#79
Severus of Antioch → Andrew, reader and notaryc. 537 AD

Severus tells Andrew that faithful women may pray at a martyr chapel if heretical services are not taking place.

#80
Severus of Antioch → Caesaria the patricianc. 534 AD

Severus distinguishes ordinary kindness from liturgical communion with people he regards as heretics.

#81
Severus of Antioch → John the tribune, correspondent in the name of Leontiusc. 500 AD

Severus tells John that Timothy's different pastoral actions served one consistent aim: salvation and orthodox faith.

#82
Severus of Antioch → Nicias, bishop and correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 515 AD

Severus says a heretical or illegal second ordination has no force, so repentant clergy return to their lawful grade.

#83
Severus of Antioch → Monks of the monastery at Tagais addressed by Severus of Antiochc. 515 AD

Severus urges the monks at Tagais to keep the royal road and read his copied letters on reception practice.

#84
Severus of Antioch → Theotecnus, archiatros and correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 516 AD

Severus uses Arian-era precedents to allow Mark's repentance while requiring written anathemas.

#85
Severus of Antioch → Dionysius, bishop of Tarsusc. 516 AD

Severus gives Dionysius a rule for receiving Mark without allowing divided communion.

#86
Severus of Antioch → Unnamed correspondent on reception of converts from Diphysitismc. 520 AD

Severus answers a long canonical question about how to receive converts from the two-nature party without repeating baptism, chrism, or ordination.

#87
Severus of Antioch → Dionysius, bishop of Tarsusc. 515 AD

Severus urges Dionysius to correct Indacus' reception before a small spark becomes a larger separation.

#88
Severus of Antioch → Orthodox clergy and laity of Antioch addressed by Severusc. 520 AD

Severus urges Antioch to receive repentant people through lawful penitence without weakening the faith.

#89
Severus of Antioch → Simeon, archimandrite of the monastery at Teledac. 526 AD

Severus tells Simeon that people turning toward orthodox faith need healing guidance, not suspicion.

#90
Severus of Antioch → Monks of the monastery of Isaac addressed by Severus of Antiochc. 526 AD

Severus urges the new leadership of Isaac's monastery to guide repentant sinners with mercy.

#91
Severus of Antioch → John and John the presbytersc. 520 AD

Severus rejoices in John and John's letter, then asks them to help Mitras resist false prophecy and deceit.

#92
Severus of Antioch → John and John the presbytersc. 520 AD

Severus tells John and John that his silence was not displeasure and that their actions are very pleasing.

#93
Severus of Antioch → Proclus and Eusebuna, bishopsc. 528 AD

Severus rejects the idea that association alone can purify an offender without real renunciation.

#94
Severus of Antioch → John, Philoxenus, and Thomas, confessing bishops on the hill of Mardec. 524 AD

Severus tells the bishops on Marde to receive the repentant without second baptism while condemning unlawful statements.

#95
Severus of Antioch → Sergius of Cyrrhus and Marion of Surac. 526 AD

Severus tells Sergius and Marion to combine canonical severity with penitence, careful reception, and disciplined ordination.

#96
Severus of Antioch → Eleusinius, bishop and correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 518 AD

Severus tells Eleusinius what he has heard about John Florentinus, Soteric, false rumors of an anathema, and the orthodox response in Constantinople.

#97
Severus of Antioch → Archelaus, reader of Tyrec. 515 AD

Severus cites Cyril against Nestorius to reassure readers that a ban imposed for orthodox resistance does not bind them.

#98
Severus of Antioch → Valeriana, deaconess and archimandritessc. 516 AD

Severus urges Valeriana to govern a women's community through vigilance, discipline, and example.

#99
Severus of Antioch → Jannia, deaconess and archimandritessc. 510 AD

Severus tells Jannia to restore a repentant sister while protecting the wider community from contagion.

#100
Severus of Antioch → Simeon, archimandrite of the great monasteryc. 515 AD

Severus releases Simeon from any rash bond and tells him to govern the monastic flock with his whole mind.

#101
Severus of Antioch → Nonnus, bishop of Seleucia in Syriac. 516 AD

Severus says Pelagius must be disciplined for disturbing the monks and that Nonnus should have handled the case.

#102
Severus of Antioch → Victor, bishop of Philadelphiac. 515 AD

Severus tells Victor that love requires sending John back to his monastery rather than indulging disorder.

#103
Severus of Antioch → Stephen, bishop of Apameac. 515 AD

Severus asks Stephen to examine Marinus' kinsman for clergy and not to ordain John without his archimandrite.

#104
Severus of Antioch → Wife of Calliopius the patricianc. 515 AD

Severus tells Calliopius' wife that even simple wording about Christ and the Trinity must be corrected carefully.

#105
Severus of Antioch → Eustace, young monk and correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 526 AD

Severus tells Eustace to avoid lawsuits while using a faithful lay agent if a limited claim must be preserved.

#106
Severus of Antioch → Isidora, correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 528 AD

Severus tells Isidora that consecrated hope outranks bodily sight, burial anxiety, and attachment to one place.

#107
Severus of Antioch → Stephen the reader, correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 515 AD

Severus advises Stephen to read the discourse on Simeon with difficult prefatory matter omitted.

#108
Severus of Antioch → Cassian, bishop of Bostrac. 515 AD

Severus says medical castration caused by illness can be a defense, while self-mutilation remains canonically punishable.

#109
Severus of Antioch → Aurelius the scholasticc. 515 AD

Severus says Thomas may minister if physicians acted because of illness, but not if he mutilated himself.

#110
Severus of Antioch → John scholastic of Bostrac. 530 AD

Severus distinguishes forgiveness from clerical eligibility in a long canonical answer to John of Bostra.

#111
Severus of Antioch → Andrew, reader and notaryc. 537 AD

Severus refuses a simple ruling on John the scribe and entrusts judgment to God's mercy.

#112
Severus of Antioch → Fathers addressed by Severus of Antiochc. 515 AD

Severus affirms soundly testified ordinations while treating emergency baptisms with caution.

#113
Severus of Antioch → Theodore, bishop of Olbac. 515 AD

Severus tells Theodore to take the safe open course rather than leave a doubtful baptism unresolved.

#114
Severus of Antioch → Thecla the countessc. 528 AD

Severus tells Thecla that uncertain baptismal cases require faith and careful ecclesiastical action.

#115
Severus of Antioch → Alypius, correspondent of Severus of Antiochc. 501 AD

Severus urges Alypius to judge marital suspicion with evidence, mercy, and the gospel rule on separation.

#116
Severus of Antioch → Unnamed woman advised on behalf of Maximus by Severus of Antiochc. 510 AD

Severus says a wife may seek continence only with due regard for her husband, children, and any vow already made.

#117
Severus of Antioch → Theodore, tribune and notaryc. 510 AD

Severus tells Theodore that ascetic desire must not endanger wife, children, or household salvation.

#118
Severus of Antioch → Conon the silentiaryc. 510 AD

Severus refuses to turn ascetics into oracles for Conon's marriage decision.

#119
Severus of Antioch → Theodore, Eastern Roman monk and correspondent of Severusc. 516 AD

Severus urges Theodore to keep his monastic vow and not turn back to household claims after entering the battle.

#120
Severus of Antioch → Monks of the monastery of Bassus addressed by Severus of Antiochc. 515 AD

Severus warns the monks of Bassus not to shelter a man whose monastic life may be built on household injustice.

#121
Severus of Antioch → Caesaria the patricianc. 526 AD

Severus denies a forged treatise, then warns Caesaria against false asceticism that despises marriage, food, or the body.

#122
Severus of Antioch → Georgia daughter of Anastasia the hypalissac. 528 AD

Severus tells Georgia that God's help is visible in her life and urges patient care for her father.