Letter 24: PELAGIUS [PAPA] IOHANNI PATRICIO CABURTARIO.

Pelagius, pope, to John, patrician and caburtarius [an obscure title, perhaps a military or chancery office]. Among other things. I ask whether at any time, in those very general synods which we venerate, any man of the Venetiae and of the patriarchate of Histria [Istria] -- as they themselves suppose -- was either present, or ever sent delegates. But if this can be shown by no reasoning of facts, not even by fabricated approbations, then let them learn at last not only that they are not the general Church, but that they cannot even be called a part of the general Church, unless, once united to the foundation of the apostolic sees and freed from the aridity of their own cutting-off, it has begun to be numbered among the members of Christ; for he cannot be said to be capable of it who, with headlong credulity and an easy slip, lends his ear to falsehoods over a precipice. But on the contrary they contend that we have done something in the synods, or they suspect something. If, then, they suspect that we have done something to the prejudice of any synod, they ought first to have inquired into that very thing diligently; but if they allege both that they have inquired and that it has been established in their own judgment, it is necessary for them to prove what they aim at. Likewise. But what shall I now say of their chief, who lost even the monk -- if indeed he ever was one -- by his ambition to seize the episcopate, and who could obtain the episcopate neither without being made contrary to custom nor without being a schismatic? For what, in his ordination -- or rather his destruction -- could be said to have been done by lawful right or by canonical custom? Was not even in the times of heretical princes, yet with their knowledge or by their command, a pontiff of those parties ordained -- still in contempt of the catholic prince, and still more to the injury of the catholic faith itself, which did not forbid that he should be made, but [did forbid] that he should be made a schismatic -- by a plunder shameful, so to speak, made in division, a bishop not consecrated but execrated? For if we examine the very name of consecration with rational and lively understanding, he who refuses to be consecrated together with the universal Church can by no reasoning be called consecrated. For to consecrate is to make holy together. But this man, divided from the bowels of the Church and separated from the apostolic sees, rather un-hallows than consecrates. Rightly therefore he can be called only execrated, not consecrated, whom the Church does not acknowledge to be made holy together with herself, with the members joined in unity. Let us see, however, whether he even preserved the custom of those very parties in his own dis-ordination; for this was the custom of old, that, because on account of the distance or the difficulty of the journey it had been burdensome for them to be ordained by the Apostolic [See], the bishops of Milan and Aquileia themselves ought to have ordained one another in turn; yet in such a way that, in the city in which the bishop was to be ordained, the pontiff of the other city ought to have presented himself, so that both the election of the one to be ordained might have been better and more easily acknowledged by the ordainer who was present, with the consent of the universal Church over which he was to be set, and that he who was to be advanced to the episcopate, and yet was not to be made subject to his own ordainer, might be ordained in his own church. [...] We place our hope in him who is the very Truth, and who, though he allowed Peter's faith to be shaken, did not allow it to fail altogether. And a little after. Behold, you have acknowledged that the Church is one, and that it, established in the root of the apostolic see, cannot be extinguished. Do not always defile your catholic mind by any communion with schismatics. It stands established that the body of Christ is one, and the Church is one. An altar divided from the universal body cannot consecrate the truth of the body. There must be tolerated in the framework of the body of those set within it even those faults which, sometimes sparing unity, we cannot cut away. For our Saviour also taught that the evangelical husbandman can prune the branch that bears too little fruit, provided it still remains on the vine. But that the branch cut off from the vine cannot but be fit for the fire to be burned, we have learned from the truth of that same heavenly Master. Do not, therefore, consent to those who are fit for the fire, in their executions rather than consecrations, and do not think that they can either be or be called the Church. For since, as we have said, the Church is one, of whom it is said in the Song of Songs: "One is my dove," it stands established that there is no other, save that which is founded on the apostolic root, from whom it cannot be doubted that the same faith was propagated throughout the whole world. And that we may confirm this to you by the testimony of blessed Augustine -- although it is altogether most well known -- hear what that most illustrious doctor says about the Church in one of his works. For he says: "But if in no way can it be called the Church in which there is schism, it remains that, since the Church of God cannot be no [Church], it be that which, established in the root by the successions of bishops of the apostolic see, the malice of no men -- even if it be known and cannot be excluded, but be adjudged, according to the reckoning of the times, something to be tolerated -- can in any way avail to extinguish."

PELAGIUS [PAPA] IOHANNI PATRICIO CABURTARIO. [Inter cetera]. Peto utrum aliquando in ipsis generalibus quas 1 I Codd.: B fol. 25^-26: (1-5; 7: pudenda...- 8 ), Pj fol. 187^-188: (9-10; 11 : mos... I debuisset; 14-18); Cj fol. 102-102^: (7: pudenda...-10; 14-18), C*/o/. 126-126^, C» fol. 100, C 4 fol. 94^; D. fol. 33: (9-10; 11: mos... debuisset; 14-18); P» fol. 179-179^; I fol. 49^- 50^: (5-10; 12-13; 14; 16-18); J fol. 105 (eadem); Oi fol. 213^-214: (7; pudenda...-! 1; 17-18), O 2 fol. 202^-202^^, G* fol. 231-231^, O 4 fol. 235^-236; P, fol. 427^-428: (7: puden- da...-ll; 17-18), fol. 332^: (14-16), Pg fol. 157, fol. 52, P 3 fol. 36^: (14-16), P 4 fol. 145: ' (7: pudenda...-ll; 17-18); Q fol. 67-67^: (7: pudenda...-! 1; 17-18); R [Perels, p. 81]: (9-10); Si fol. 54^: (7: pudenda...-11; 17-18), S* fol. 94-94^. . (i)dem (gelasius; i parv. add.) Pg, om. B, mutil. B^ papa] om. B C D Q R, mutil. B^ I caburtario] D I J P^: carbutario P, butario [car mutil.] Bi, om. cet. inter cetera] om. B I J 0 Q S Tit, Iohanni patricio: Celebris byzantius dux in Bello Gothico, \ Vitaliani nepos, ad quem fuit missa ep. 53. Eiusdem fit mentio in epp. 50; 52,4; 59,1-3. Quod a papa in ep. 52,4 frater Valeriani patricii vocetur, metaphorice et spiritualiter — in titulo et dignitate — intellegendum est. 0 . c., l. c., p. 540, n, 5, distingui debet, tum a Iohanne comite patrimonii * (epp. 38; 62; 75), tum a Iohanne magistro militum (epp, 69; 70; 71). Quod ad eius militarem actuositatem adtinet, cf, L. M. HarTmann, Geschichte ..., t. I, p. 268-270; 274-276; 305-311; 316-323; 327-330; E. Stein, Histoire..., p. 352-361; 572; 574; 576; 578-580; 583-588; 596-598; 604-605. caburtario: Sive carbutario. Thesaurus ..., t. III, p. 4, 1. 53-54, rem solvendam relinquit. An a carabo (carabutarius?) derivatum esset PEI.AGII I PAPAE EPISOMIJ^A 24,1-9 ueneramur synodis uel interfuerit quispiam Uenetiarum, ut ipsi putant, atque Histryae patria<r>c<li>a, uel legatos aliquando direxerit. Quod si hoc, nec confictis quidem approbationibus, 2 nulla rerum poterit ratione monstrari, discant aliquando non modo se generalem ecclesiam non esse, sed nec generalis quidem partem dici posse, nisi, cum fundamento apostolicarum adunata sedium, a praecis[s]ionis suae ariditate liberata, im Christi membris coepit numerari; neque enim posse dicendus est, qui praecipiti credulitate facih lapsu in praecipido aurem falsitatibus praestat. Sed contra- 3 sinodis B 4 hystrie ex hystie B 2 patriarca Ewald 6 discant] ex dicat B 2 9 ari¬ ditate] ex aridite B menbris B coepit] an leg. coeperit ? (cf. autem ep. SI, l. 8: si... tulit, et ep. 34, l. 5: quod ... amisitcepit (pro more) B 10-11 neque enim posse ^pontifex IEwald).: praestat] quae verba post § 3 scripta in B, huc esse transponenda, patet; alioqui posse in pontifex cum Ewald transfigurare oporteret 11 praecipicio B verbum? Carabus denotat genus quoddam navicularum aut cancrorum. 1. 63-75: hac voce usus est GrEGORIUS MagnuS, Dial., IV, 57. Potius autem probanda videtur corruptio chartularii in carhutarium vel cahurtarium. Quod adtinet ad munia et titulum chartularii cf. SEECK, Chartularii, in Pauly-Wissowa, t. III, c. 2193; K. Stein, Untersuch. 'z. Staatsvecht des Bas-Empire, in Zeitschr. der Savigny-Stiftung f. Rechtsgesch., Roman. Ahteil., t. Xhl, 1920, p. 243 ss.; Idem, Histoire ..., p. 204-205, n. 2; 425; p. 599-600, n. 4; Thesaurus ..., t. III, p. 1002. Quod patricius munus chartularii posset obire s. vi, veri simile est, nam titulus hic Narseti et Smaragdo est datus. eccles. Raven., 62 (G. Waitz, MGH., 55. rer. Langob., p. 72-73; O. HoedER- Kgger, ibid., p. 322) et S. GrEGORIUM Magnum, Reg., I, 16^; XIII, 36; Append. III, 1 (PEEAGIuS II) in ed. P. Kwai<d-L. M. HarTMANn, MGH., Epp., t. I, p. 18; t. II, p. 399; 442. Cf. praeterea quod notavit P. Kwaed, MGH., Epp., t. I, p. 4, n. 2 Fatendum tamen est, lectionem melius adtestatam, id est, caburtario, difficultates parere hypothesi corruptionis ex chartulario. Quidquid autem est, vox significare videtur munus (mili¬ tare?) patricii, aut quandam eiusdem proprietatem. 1. patriarcha: Nam Pelagii tempore quattuor tantum sedes pa- triarchales exstabant in Oriente: Constantinopolitana, Alexandrina, Hiero¬ solymitana, Antiochena, una autem in Occidente: sedes Romana Petri. 741. Quoad originem patriarchatus Aquileiensis. Cf. P. Richard, AquiUe, DHGK., t. III, c. 1118-1120. 2. cum fundamento apostolicarum sedium: Sedes apostolicae sunt, ut fert traditio: Roma, Alexandria et Antiochia. Cf. Psd. Decret. Gelas, de recip. et non recip. libris,^ III, 3 (K. V. DOBSCHUETZ, o. c., L c., p, 32-33), P. BaTTIFFOE, o. c., p. 152-168. rium nos synodis ahquid gessisse contendunt, uel aliquid suspi¬ cantur. Si ergo suspica<n>tur, nos aliquid in cuiusque synodi 4 praeuaricationem gessisse, id ipsum prius diligenter quaerere ifr debuerunt; quod si et quaes[s]isse et aput se perhibent constitisse, probare illis necesse est quod intendunt. [Item]. Quid autem iam 5 de eorum principe loquar, qui et monachum, si tamen aliquando fuit, inuadendi episcopatum ambitu perdidit, et episcopatum nec contramorem factus nec scismaticus potuit obtinere? Quid enim in e eiusdem ordinatione uel potius destructione, legitimo iure uel consue¬ tudine canonica factum esse poterit dici? Nonne hereticorum etiam 7 temporibus principum, cum ipsorum tamen notitia uel iussione, illa¬ rum partium est pontifex ordinatus, adhuc in catholici contemptu principis, magis autem in ipsius catholicae fidei iniuria, quae non sEk prohibebat ut fieret, sed ned scismaticus fieret, pudenda ut ita dicam rapina, in diuisione est non consecratus sed execratus epi¬ scopus? Si enim ipsum consecrationis nomen rationabili ac uiuaci g intellectu discutimus, is qui cum [in] uniuersali consecrari detrectat ecclesia, consecratus dici [uel esse] nulla poterit ratione. Gonse- 9 crare enim est simul sacrare. Sed ab ecclesiae uisceribus diuisus sinodis B 13 suspicantur] Ewald sinodi B 16 iam] post seq. eorum J, om. I 17 loquar] q ante 1 eras. B 19 cismaticus B obtinere] add. item (nam cet. usque ad l. 25 pudenda om.) B 20 eiusdem] eius I 26 exsecr. ex execr. P^, exsecratus Si 27 ipsius / J consecr. nomen ipsum C 28 discutimus is] discuti sumus his C 3 C 4 , his Cg qui] om. J in] om. B C I O P Q S consecrari detrectat] B I O: consecr. detrectet Cj/, detrectat consecr. Cg S, detractat consecr. C, G 4 Pi, detrectat consecrare P, consecr. om. Q 29 uel] om, BCIOPQSi J Pi esse] om. B C (cf: etiam .1. 32): habent, et quidem recte fortasse, I J O P Q S (superscr.) Si (cf. l. 21; cf. etiam l. 6-8 et 59, ubi tamen verbum esse antecedit dici, cui aliquo modo oppo¬ nitur) onse- (init. litt. deest) B^ 30 -crari Pi enim] om. I set R, si P| C 3 C 4 diuisus] diffusus C 3 C 4 5. de eorum principe loquar: Quem esse reor episcopum Aquileien- sem. Cf. ep. 59;3 cum notulis ad locum p. 156. Pelagius eum veluti mentitmn episcopum tenet, propterea quod mos canonicus in eius ordinatione non fuit servatus, et insuper a schismatico Mediolanensi episcopo exsecratus potius quam consecratus fuerit. 6. Insistit in argumentis supra notatis, quae longius postea exponet. schismatico, ut inrita et ilh noxia est habenda. S. GeeasiuS I, Ep. ad episco¬ pos Orientales, 6, non dissimilia adseruerat ad haereticos quod adtinet (A. Thiee, o. c., p. 290; Migne, Pb. 58, c. 947). Bis quae in § 10 dicun¬ tur, similia protulit S. Gregorius Magnus, Reg., IV, 20 (P. Kwaed, MGH., Epp., t. I, p. 255). / I PEI^AGn I PAPAE EPISTU^U 24,9-18 et ab apostolicis sedibus separatus dissecrat potius iste, non con¬ secrat. lure ergo execratus tantum, non consecratus poterit dici, lo quem simul secum sacrare in unitate coniunctis membris non agnoscit ecclesia. Uideamus tamen utrum uel ipsarum consuetu- n dinem partium in sua exordinatione seruauerit; nempe hic mos an¬ tiquitus fuit, ut, quia pro longinquitate uel difficultate itineris ab Apostolico onerosum illis fuerat ordinari, ipsi se inuicem Me¬ diolanensis et Aquileiensis ordinare episcopi debuissent; ita ta¬ men, ut, in ea ciuitate in qua erat ordinandus episcopus, alterius ciuitatis pontifex occurrere debuisset, ut et ordinandi electio a praesenti ordinatore, ex consensu uniuersalis cui praeficiendus erat ecclesiae, melius ac facilius potuisset agnosci, et in sua, qui ad epi^ scopatum prouehendus erat nec tamen ordinatori suo subdendus fuerat, ordinaretur ecclesia. * * Speramus in illo qui ipsa ueritas' 12 est, et qui Petri fidem licet titubari pertulerit, deficere tamen omnino non pertulit. [Et paulo post]. Ecce agnouisti unam 13 esse ecclesiam, et eam in radice sedis apostolicae constitutam extin- gui non posse. Noli catholicam semper mentem aliqua scismati- 14 eorum communione polluere. Unum Christi corpus, unam constat esse ecclesiam. Diuisum ab uniuersitate altare, ueritatem [Christi] corporis non potest consecrare. Toleranda sunt in compage corpo- dissecrat potius iste] D I J R: desecrat podus ipse Cg, desacrat poscius ipse Ca Ca, dissecrat ipse potius P Q, desecrat ipse potius O [desacrat] Cj 82 execra¬ tus] Bi C 2 D I 0 Pi P» S 2 : exsecratus Ci P i P 4 Si, exeerandus J Q Ry con¬ secrandus Q 88 secum] om. P RS sacrare secum Cj sacre unitate ex sacrare in unitate Og coniuntis Pi, cunctis I menbris I R 34 tamen] om. Oj Og 35 conser- uaueritPj mox os (init, deest) B^ 36 -tiquitus] -tiquus Pj O*, -tiquis Pi lon¬ ginquitate] add. huius Pj uel difficultate] om. Pj D 37 apostolico] apostolica sede Pj D 2 [sede hoc superscr.] Di honerosum Pj Q illos P^ D fuerat] seq. honerosum delet, in Q ipsi] si super scr. Pj 2 (?)y ex ipse Sj, ipse Pj P 88 -diolanesis ex -diolanisis Pi aquilensis Pj, aquilegensis Pj O 3 O 4 P Q S episcopi ordinare Pj P (ex episcopisj Pj 40 ciuitati P, pontifex] om. B^ debuissent Pj, add. item Pi, et infra (sup. ras.) Di (cet. usque ad % 14= om.) B^ D 42 in sua] corr. (?) ex inscia Q 48 ordinato Pa agnouistis J (cf. l. 43; 57; 59y et tamen l. 64!) 48 semper] super P 3 aliquam P| diuisus ab unitate altaris P^ C, ex diuisum... altare Pj ueritate Cj diristi] om. IJ 11. Argumentum alterum. In ordinatione Aquileiensis episcopi con¬ suetudo canonica legitima fuit violata. Hic aliqua desiderari videntur, ut sensus compleatur. ris positorum etiam illa nonnumquam uitia, quae unitati interdum parcentes resecare non possumus. Quia et euangelicum agrico- lam minus afferentem fructum palmitem, si tamen in uite ma¬ neat, purgare posse noster saluator edocuit. Abscissum autem a uite palmitem nisi igni ad comburendum aptum esse non posse, eiusdem caelestis magistri ueritate didicimus. Noli ergo eorum qui igni apti sunt non consecrationibus sed exeerationibus con¬ sentire, nec existimes illos uel esse uel dici ecclesiam posse. Ete- nim cum, sicut diximus, ecclesia tma sit, cui in Canticis Canticorum dicitur: Una est columba mea, nullam esse aliam constat, nisi quae in apostolica est radice fundata, a quibus ipsam fidem in universo propagatam orbe non potest dubitari. Quod ut 1® uobis, licet omnino notissimum sit, beati tamen Augustini testi¬ monio comprobemus, audite quid in quodam opere suo praecla¬ rissimus doctor dicat ecclesiae. Ait enim: Quod si nullo in marg. Ci, quae pro unitate Pi unitati] imitati Pi 58 parientes Pi possumus] add. et paulo post (^15 om.) I J euuangelicum B^ 54 -lam] -la A afferente A uite] unitate C 54-56 palmitem... a uite] om. P 55 purgare] purgari non D* saluator noster C autem] om. C 3 A 56 nisi] non P 57 didiscimus P 3 ergo] om. IJ 58 ignibus P exacrationibus A 59 aestimes Pj, estimes I 60 cum sicut dix.] Jy Gratianus: sicut cum diximus O P Q [dicimus] Pj (cum superscr.) O 4 , sicut dix. cum C D I S [cui] B^ (etiam prohah. lect.) sit una (cum sign. corr.) I in eant, cantic.] om. B^ C D 61 est] es Pg esse aliam] A C D I J: aliam esse O P Q S [aliam constat esse] O 3 62 quae] superscr. in] om. O quibus jipsam] Bi D I J O P Q S : qua ipsam A Cg, qua ipsa C 3 C* 63 propagat, orbe] B^ C D O Q: orbe propagat. IJ Py orbi propagat. S 68-66 quod ut... dicat ecclesiae] om. B^ D 64 notissimum omnino] C O P Q S 64-05 comprobemus testimonio C, testim. comprobem Q, tes- tim. comprobare I J [comprobem?] J (Duemmler) 65-66 quid in ... ecclesiae] om, I J ecclesiam C 3 C 4 enim] add. beatus augustinus augustinus D quod] om. Pj 15. Saluator noster edocuit; Cf. /o., 15,2. caelestis magistri ueritate didicimus: Cf. Io., 15,6. 17. in Canticis Canticorum: Cant., 6,8. Totus paragraphus inspira¬ tus videtur in opere S. Cypriani, De catholicae ecclesiae unitate, 4 (G. Hartee, CSEIy., t. III, 1, p. 212-213). 18. Textus paragraphi satis est incertus, nam permultis fragmentis diversis divisus ad nos usque pervenit. praeclarissimus doctor dicat ecclesiae: hocus non est inventus hucusque. Cf. tamen Contra Faustum, XI, 2 (I. Zycha, CSEb., t. XXV, I p. 315,1. 21-25), Contra Cresconium, III, 18 (M. PETSCHEnig, CSEb., t. Ul, I p. 427, 1. 13-18) ubi ideae consimiles exstant. Huic textui fit adlusio in ep. 10, 3, p. 32-33. pei^Agii i papae modo potest ecclesia dicit[in] quod scisma [estJt, restat ut, quoniam ecclesia Dei nulla esse non potest, ea sit quam[in] sedis apos- tolicae per successiones episcoporum in radice constitutam, nullorum hominum ma¬ litia, etiam si nota sit et excludi non possit, sed pro temporum ratione toleranda indice¬ tur, ullo modo u al e a t e X t i n g u e r e . potest eccles. dici] B^CxD J: potest dici [eccles. ow.] 7, potest dici eccles. 0 Pj Q, dici potest eccles. C P^P^S 67-68 quod scisma] Pj Cj D 7 /: quo scisma Q, in qua scisma C, in quo scisma est OPS (etiam prohah. lect.), in qua scisma est O 3 68 dei] om. (recte fortasse) 0 P Q S 68-69 nulla esse non potest] I J 0 P Q S : nulla alia esse potest Ci D, nulla esse alia potest C 69 in] om. B^ C D I J (cf. lin. seq.)^ expunx. et eras. Q sedes B^Di 70 successores Q in] om. 0 P Q S (cf. lin. sup.) 71 cons¬ titutum Cj, constituta P S, om. B^D nonnullorum Pj 7> 73 si] sit ex si ^t su- perscr.) Pj sit] C 7 /: om. (recte fort.) B^ D 0 P Q S et] om. 0^, eras. vid. Q set (ut solet) tolleranda O 3 O 4 iudicetur toleranda B^ C D 74 nullo 7 Pj P, extinguere] add. de quo paulo ante (seq. ^12-13) I J. [in] quod scisma [est]: Textus est veri similiter vitiatus. Forte subaudiri aut addere oporteret illud sive id, idem, hectio in qua scisma est, quae emendatior et sensum acceptabilem praestans prima fronte vide¬ tur, corectio lectionis in quo scisma est influxu antecedentis vocis ecclesia debet putari. Quae ego selegi facile capietur, adiectis quae dixi pronomi¬ nibus, aut etiam, virtute causali praedita, admisso est vel sit. An dixerat Augustinus: non potest ecclesia dici, inquo (inquam), scisma...? Textus, uno verbo incertus aliquatenus manet, nam, licet prolixior, etiam probabilem se praebet supra adlata lectio in quo scisma est, et adhuc magis fortasse quo scisma, unde et quod scisma, et in quo scisma est provenire potuerint. EPiSTUivAE 24,18; 25,1 Cresconium commonefacit, ut episcopi Sicilienses presbyteris dioe¬ cesis non plus exigant quam duo solida, iiixta iusiuraiidum episcopi Syracusae. Item prohibet quominus, confirmationis occasione, inmodica convivia fiant.